Science

In this course students are introduced to major unifying themes in biology, which focus on the relationships between structure, function, and the maintenance of homeostasis in living systems. Special emphasis is placed on helping students make connections between the complex nature of biological principles and their own lives through readings, an extensive laboratory curriculum, and discussion of current global and local issues. After a comprehensive study of ecology, students finish the first term by mastering the basic chemical and physical principles and relating those concepts to body systems. The second term is devoted to a continued systematic approach to human anatomy and physiology with the integration of evolution and more complex cellular processes.

In this course students take a molecular approach when studying the relationships between structure, function, and the maintenance of homeostasis in ecological and biological systems. This honors course offers a similar beginning to that of Biology, but midway through the first term, the molecular basis for biological phenomena is heavily emphasized, and a more abstract, quantitative approach is used to discuss topics including energy transfer and cellular chemistry. Students continue with a theoretical look at evolution and speciation, and transition back to the human body for a comprehensive study of human anatomy and physiology during the second term.

Chemistry involves the study of matter, its properties, and the changes matter undergoes. Topics include atomic structure, the Periodic Table, molecular structure and behavior, solutions, gas laws, chemical reactions, the mole concept, and thermochemistry. An emphasis is placed on developing algebraic and problem-solving skills. Students are frequently engaged in lab activities and learn to communicate scientific concepts efficiently and effectively.

Honors Chemistry students study a branch of natural science that deals principally with the properties of substances, the changes they undergo, and the natural laws that describe these changes. Topics in this rigorous, quantitatively-oriented course include measurement, atomic structure and chemical bonding, chemical reactions and stoichiometry, gases and condensed phases, reaction kinetics, chemical equilibrium, thermodynamics, acid-base reactions, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry. Students develop competence with experimental design, data analysis, and a wide range of laboratory techniques. Students are expected to have strong algebraic skills, as they will tackle most of the topics in a quantitative manner.

Physics introduces students to the ideas of classical physics and builds connections between those ideas and the experiences of everyday life. Topics covered include work and energy, oscillations and waves, sound and music, electrostatics and electrical circuits, one- and two-dimensional motion, and Newton’s Laws. Strong emphasis is placed on experimental design, data collection and analysis, and interpretation and communication of experimental outcomes. Students also gain experience in problem solving and model building, deriving theoretical understanding from laboratory observations.

Honors Physics provides a quantitative formulation of the fundamental laws of physics and their relation to physical phenomena, and it prepares students for university courses in science and engineering. The course covers the following topics: one- and two-dimensional motion, Newton’s laws, the universal law of gravitation, work and energy, oscillations, momentum conservation, electrostatics, and electrical circuits. The course has a significant lab component with a strong focus on practical problem solving in the lab, using both empirical and theoretical methods. Emphasis is placed on experimental design, data collection and analysis, and interpretation and communication of experimental outcomes.

A thorough and intensive study of the subject of biology, this course covers the material on the AP exam syllabus and is considered the equivalent of a first-year, college-level course. Labs in biotechnology, outside reading, and computer-based learning provide a challenging menu for the student interested in the subject of biology. This course prepares students to take the AP Biology exam.

This course assumes a strong grasp of introductory chemistry; a background in physics is helpful. Many familiar chemical concepts are investigated in more detail and several new topics such as thermodynamics and electrochemistry are introduced. Lab work in this course is more extensive and complex, and involves greater use of instrumentation such as visible spectrophotometers; more emphasis is placed on accurate quantitative results than in first-year chemistry. This course prepares students for the AP Chemistry exam.

This course is a calculus-based extension of the classical mechanics topics introduced in Honors Physics. Due to the frequent and rigorous use of differential and integral calculus techniques, students must have previously taken or concurrently be enrolled in the prerequisite calculus courses. Lab explorations and weekly problem sets are foundational pillars of each unit. This course prepares students for the AP Physics C: Mechanics exam, which is typically equivalent to one semester of physics at most colleges and universities.

AP Environmental Science focuses on the interrelationships between humans and complex natural systems as they pertain to environmental sustainability. Our work focuses on both global and local ecology and associated environmental issues related to ecological footprints. Emphasis is placed on the critical importance of systems-based thinking through frequent analysis of case studies. Specific topics addressed include ecosystem dynamics, energy, water, soil, atmosphere, populations, biodiversity, climate change, waste stream, composting, food production, and environmental ethics. Students engage in related laboratory and project work throughout the course, as well as local off-campus field trips. This course prepares students to take the AP Environmental Science exam.

The spectacular engineering of the human body intrigues us all, and this course examines the structure as well as the function of that marvelous design. The sophistication and fine-tuned physiology of each system is studied, as well as how disease affects homeostasis or the balance of each system. Within each unit, the relevance of our studies to current health and wellness issues is emphasized through topics like sports medicine, computer analysis of diet and nutrition, skin cancer, tissue engineering, cardiovascular disease, concussions and second impact syndrome, Alzheimer's, and CPR and First Aid. Laboratory-based learning is emphasized through work with microscopes, dissection, anatomical models, simulations, and our on-campus fitness center.

This course provides a fundamental understanding of the critical and evolving field of cancer biology. The course will dive into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive cancer development, as well as focus on prominent oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The overarching clinical aspect of cancer biology will be analyzed by reviewing topics such as history, carcinogens, diagnostics, treatment, and current research. Lastly, a major theme in the curriculum will be curiosity, diving into dissecting primary literature and researching topics that most interest the student.

This course will introduce students to the immune system, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that organisms use to differentiate self from non-self. By learning how organisms recognize and respond to foreign substances, students will gain a better understanding of the biology behind autoimmune disorders, allergies, organ transplants, and vaccines. The course will focus both on the experimental evidence that forms our understanding of the immune system and the clinical relevance of that knowledge.

Earth’s atmosphere contains large quantities of chemical species existing in all phases and under a wide variety of conditions of temperature and pressure. This course aims to demystify atmospheric chemistry and help students appreciate its multidisciplinary nature. Our topics will include chemical kinetics, gas laws, reaction mechanisms, heterogeneous processes, aqueous phase chemistry, aerosol processes, and theoretical analysis. We will explore how anthropogenic factors such as population growth, wildfires, technological advancements, changes in energy sources, and constantly changing emission scenarios impact the atmosphere, as well as natural events such as volcanos and the earth’s wobble.

This course in astronomy engages students with an overview of the universe; topics for discussion include the origin of the universe, the formation of the solar system, stellar evolution, the emergence of life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere), and the historical development of science. Technical skills will be stressed through labs, and assignments in class will give students opportunities to understand the material from a deep level while giving them a chance to apply skills learned in their math courses. Additionally, students will use technical computing to solve numerical problems and express their findings in written reports, developing their scientific communication skills.

This project-based course exposes students to the engineering design process and its applications. Through a series of structural challenges, students will build on foundational mechanics concepts (including forces, work, and energy) and gain exposure to connected topics in materials science and fluid dynamics. Students will apply physics fundamentals and essential design tools (computer-aided design (CAD), and 3D-printing, woodshop) to the development, construction, optimization, and evaluation of several engineered systems. In a final challenge, students will work as teams to choose and develop an engineering design from concept to production, culminating in a presentation. Potential challenges include stress-resistant bridges, insulated structures, functional sailboats, and/or pinball machines.

Fall Semester The course begins with a breezy review of electricity, starting with a quick re-examination of circuit vocabulary and concepts. Electric fields, magnetic fields and Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction are then introduced. Students synthesize concepts by (a) measuring the magnetic field strength of the earth, (b) learning about the aurora borealis, and (c) understanding the electric power generation and distribution grid in Massachusetts. Finally, students examine how electricity and magnetism join together according to Maxwell's equations to produce light. The fall semester culminates with a gigantic design project. Students build a room-sized Rube Goldberg-style kinetic sculpture, incorporating tools and skills developed during the electricity and magnetism units. Spring Semester During the winter term, students complete a survey of basic electronic principles through a laboratory-based, discovery-oriented curriculum that introduces them to basic electronic structures, design concepts, and standard circuit elements: switches, variable resistors, capacitors, and transistors. Students build and test a handful of environmentally responsive circuits, including ones that send feedback signals to themselves. During the spring term, students work on independent high-speed imaging projects, using tools built during the winter term to study natural and/or contrived phenomena.

This advanced course offers students the opportunity to study Nature’s chemical artistry beyond the confines of a regular classroom environment. In the first portion of the course, students work to develop molecular-level understanding of biological systems and master an arsenal of techniques for probing these systems, including gel electrophoresis, chromatography, spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. In the second portion of the course, students design and conduct original research on self-selected biochemical problems. Independent work is communicated through a final poster presentation.

The goal of this course is to teach students how to think and create like engineers. We begin the term by studying how to analyze problems in a logical manner and create algorithms that can solve these problems, including computer programming techniques in C++. Building upon this abstract foundation, students learn how to apply this mode of thinking to concrete situations involving circuits and sensors. The culminating project, a competition against other students in the class, places the student in the role of lead engineer. Students come up with ideas, develop algorithms, test their ideas, and execute their designs. Through extensive laboratory work, students utilize their computer-programming techniques and an understanding of electronic circuits to implement their engineering projects. ** Credits will be given as a Science course.**

Course Description:

Advanced Projects in Robotics is acourse designed to take students on an immersive journey into the world of robotics and mechanical engineering. Building upon the foundational knowledge gained in the Robotics introductory course, this course is structured to provide students with a deeper understanding of robotics systems and integrate fundamental mechanical engineering concepts. A key focus of this course is hands-on experience and the utilization of the CAD design software, OnShape, to bring theoretical concepts to life through digital and physical creations.

Key Learning Objectives: 1. Advanced Robotics Concepts: Delve into higher-level robotics principles, including advanced programming, sensor integration, and complex automation. Students will develop a profound understanding of robotics architectures and explore applications in various fields.

2. CAD Design with OnShape: Gain proficiency in using OnShape, a powerful cloud-based Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. Students will learn to model intricate robotic components and assemblies, fostering a seamless transition from digital design to physical prototyping.

The Electronics Design and Engineering course is the next step in the engineering and design pathway. This project based course will see each student begin to further develop the concepts and skills needed to continue their computer science journey. The course will focus on flourishing technologies, such as computer-aided design(CAD), 3D modeling and printing, 3D accelerometers and sensors to design and create sophisticated solutions to real world problems. In this engaging and hands-on course, students will design, test, prototype and ultimately manufacture a finished product at the conclusion of the course. This course is especially suited for students interested in engineering who have already taken Robotics or have prior programming experience. Through a number of projects, students will expand their existing skills in computer design, programming, embedded chip analysis and coding, and the engineering design process. ** Credits will be given as a Science course.**